Aberrant White Matter and Subcortical Gray Matter Functional Network Connectivity Associated with Static and Dynamic Characteristics in Subjects with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Sukesh Kumar Das ¹ George B Hanna ¹ Hai Sun ² Bharat B Biswal ^1*

• ¹ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Newark College of Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
• ² Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common type of epilepsy, with seizures primarily originating in the deep temporal lobe. This condition results in changes in connectivity across gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) regions. This altered connectivity categorizes TLE as a network disorder, highlighting the need to investigate functional network connectivity (FNC) in WM areas. Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) measures time-varying correlations between two or multiple regions of interest and derives clusters highlighting functional networks (FNs) where connectivity among regions behaves in a similar fashion. In this study, we included 51 healthy controls (HC), and 52 subjects with TLE from Epilepsy Connectome Project. We obtained static FNs (sFNs) and dynamic FNs (dFNs) using K-means clustering on ROI-based static functional connectivity (sFC) and dFC, respectively. Both static and dynamic FNCs were then separately investigated, with the latter demonstrating significant differences in WM networks. The static FNC was significantly decreased between the Forceps minor-Anterior corona radiata (ACR) - genu and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) in TLE. Dynamic FNC significantly decreased between the corpus callosum (CC) (body) - superior corona radiata - right superior longitudinal fasciculus network and the Forceps minor - ACR - medial frontal gyrus network in subjects with TLE. This result implies that this WM connection changes with lower variability in TLE. On the other hand, the dynamic connections between the left temporal sub gyral - left thalamus - left pallidus - left hippocampus and right thalamus - right putamen - right temporal sub gyral - right pallidus network and the connections between the cingulum network and right thalamus - right putamen - right temporal sub gyral - right pallidus network significantly increased. These results indicate that these two GM subcortical connections change with higher variability in TLE. The study also demonstrates that the dynamic functional connectivity strength (FCS) of the splenium and brain stem were altered significantly in TLE, implying that the total dFC of this network with all other networks experienced greater changes. Furthermore, the FNC suggests that the WM regions - ILF, superior and ACR, and CC exhibit connectivity changes related to the clinical features.