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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Neurosci.
Sec. Neurodegeneration
Volume 19 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1555831
Association Between Serum Sodium and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease
Provisionally accepted- Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
The correlation between serum sodium and sporadic Parkinson's disease remains unclear currently. This study aimed to assess the association between serum sodium and sporadic Parkinson's disease.The ultimate goal is to gain a deeper understanding of the implications of this relationship between serum sodium and sporadic Parkinson's disease.We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 1189 participants in PPMI cohort. Age, sex, education years, race, body mass index, calcium, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, white blood cell, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, red blood cell, hemoglobin, platelets, total protein, albumin, serum uric acid, serum sodium, serum potassium, urea nitrogen, creatinine, serum glucose were obtained from all participants. Logistic regression, and smooth curve fitting were utilized to substantiate the research objectives.The overall sporadic Parkinson's disease was 77.5% (921/1189); it was 71.9% (143/199), 75.4% (295/391), 76.7% (171/223), and 83% (312/376) for serum sodium quantile1 (Q1, 130-138.9 mmol/L), quantile 2 (Q2, 139-140.9 mmol/L), quantile 3 (Q3, 141-141.9 mmol/L), and quantile 4 (Q4, 142-155 mmol/L), respectively (P = 0.011). Multivariate odds ratio regression adjusted for risk factors demonstrates a 1unit increment in the serum sodium raises the risk of sporadic Parkinson's disease by 1.11 times, respectively. Smooth splines analysis suggested a linear association between levels of serum sodium and risk of sporadic Parkinson's disease (P nonlinearity = 0.5). An interaction was observed between serum sodium and sex in their influence on sporadic Parkinson's disease (P<0.05). Further exploratory subgroup analysis within the age and BMI groups showed that there were no significant interactions between the subgroups (all P values for interaction were >0.05). Additional sensitivity analyses supported the primary findings and indicated the conclusions are robust.This study highlights the influence of inappropriate serum sodium on the risk of incident sporadic Parkinson's disease, independent of confounders. The link between serum sodium and sporadic Parkinson's disease is linear.
Keywords: Sporadic Parkinson's disease, Serum sodium, Retrospective cross-sectional study, Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, pPMI
Received: 05 Jan 2025; Accepted: 07 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhou, Xia, Liu, Li and Gong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Wen Zhou, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
Liang Gong, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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