Research Progress on Brain Networks Neuroimaging Biomarkers Across the Subjective Cognitive Decline

Ying-mei Han ¹ Chaojie Wang ¹ Yi Zhang ^1* Yi-jie Li ^1* Heng Zhang ^1* Ze Feng ^1* Wei-qing Li ^1* Bing-yuan Chu ^1* Feng Wang ^2*

• ¹ Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
• ² Division of CT and MRI, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,, Harbin, Jilin Province, China

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an early manifestation of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum, and accurately diagnosing SCD to differentiate it from neurotypical aging in older adults is a common challenge for researchers. Methods: This review examines and summarizes relevant studies regarding the neuroimaging of the AD continuum, and comprehensively summarizes and outlines the SCD clinical features characterizing along with the corresponding neuroimaging changes involving structural, functional, and metabolic networks.The clinical characteristics of SCD include a subjective decline in self-perceived cognitive function, and there are significant imaging changes, such as reductions in gray matter volume in certain brain regions, abnormalities in the integrity of white matter tracts and diffusion metrics, alterations in functional connectivity between different sub-networks or within networks, as well as abnormalities in brain metabolic networks and cerebral blood flow perfusion.The 147 referenced studies in this paper indicate that exploring the structural, functional, and metabolic network changes in the brain related to SCD through neuroimaging aims to enhance the goals and mission of brain science development programs: "Understanding the Brain," "Protecting the Brain," and "Creating the Brain," thereby strengthening researchers' investigation into the mechanisms of brain function. Early diagnosis of SCD, along with prompt intervention, can reduce the incidence of AD spectrum while improving patients' quality of life, even integrating numerous scientific research achievements into unified and established standards and applying them in clinical practice by doctors, thus all encouraging researchers to further investigate SCD issues in older adults.Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is recognized as the predominant branch of neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI) estimating a rise to 139 million by 2050. AD constitutes nearly 65% of dementia cases, with approximately one-fifth of AD patients originating from China, and incidence rates continue to escalate. The detection of AD has increased in part due to better detection tools and increase in lifespan (Heuer, Bloss, and Howell, 2024). The primary clinical