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REVIEW article

Front. Neurosci.
Sec. Translational Neuroscience
Volume 18 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1446076

Traumatic Brain Injury: Molecular Biomarkers, Genetics, Secondary Consequences, and Medical Management

Provisionally accepted
Robert H. Lipsky Robert H. Lipsky 1*Jeff Witkin Jeff Witkin 2Hana Shafique Hana Shafique 3*Jodi L. Smith Jodi L. Smith 2*Rok Cerne Rok Cerne 2*Ann M. Marini Ann M. Marini 1*
  • 1 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
  • 2 Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, United States
  • 3 School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The opinions and assertions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences or the Department of Defense. A. GWAS Findings of Genetic Associations with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Susceptibility B. Genetic Factors and Recovery from TBI C. Genetics of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) D. Genetics of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy (PTE) IV. Molecular Biomarkers of TBI A. Protein Biomarkers of TBI B. Interleukin-1 beta (IL1-) CSF and Serum Levels and PTE Risk V. Consequences of TBI A. Cognitive Impairment. B. Post-Traumatic Headache C. PTE D. TBI and Risk of Neurodegenerative Disorders i. Dementia ii. Parkinson's Disease iii. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) VI. Medical Management of TBI A. Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) B. Pre-Hospital Management of TBI C. In-Hospital Management of TBI D. Medications and Other Treatments i. Current and Under Investigation ii. New Vistas a. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) b. Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) Receptor Antagonists c. AMPA Receptor Potentiators d. Apolipoprotein E e. Other Innovations VII. Discussion

    Keywords: Molecular Biomarkers, Genetics, Secondary Consequences, and Medical Management traumatic brain injury, Genes, Neurodegenerative disorders, biomarkers, Inflammation

    Received: 08 Jun 2024; Accepted: 23 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Lipsky, Witkin, Shafique, Smith, Cerne and Marini. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Robert H. Lipsky, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
    Hana Shafique, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, 27710, North Carolina, United States
    Jodi L. Smith, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, United States
    Rok Cerne, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, United States
    Ann M. Marini, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.