Tianlin Zhang ¹ Haojiang Ying ² Huiqun Wang ¹ Fouxi Zhao ³ Qiying Pan ¹ Qingqing Zhan ⁴ Fuyan Zhang ¹ Qinyu An ⁵ Tao Liu ^3* Yuandong Hu ^3* Yang Zhang ^2*

• ¹ School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China, Guiyang, China
• ² Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China, Suzhou, China
• ³ Guizhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
• ⁴ Guizhou Province Center for DiseasePrevention and Control, Chronic Disease Prevention and Cure Research Institute, Guiyang, China, Guiyang, China
• ⁵ Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China

Objectives: This current study is based on a set of visual motion sensitivity tests, investigating the correlation between visual motion sensitivity and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), thereby furnishing a scientific rationale for preventing and controlling DR.Methods: This research was conducted by a combination of questionnaire collection and on-site investigation that involved 542 T2DM recruited from a community. The visual motion sensitivity determined the visual motion perception of the participants across three spatial frequencies (low, medium, and high) for both the first-and second-order contrast. The logistic regression model was adopted to investigate the relationship between visual motion sensitivity and DR prevalence. Besides, the Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing visual motion sensitivity and restricted cubic spline (RCS) functions were used to assess the dose-response relationship between visual motion sensitivity and glycated hemoglobin.Results: Among 542 subjects, there are 162 cases of DR, with a prevalence rate of 29.89％. After adjusting factors of age, gender, glycated hemoglobin, duration of diabetes, BMI, and hypertension, we found that the decline in first-and second-order high spatial frequency sensitivity increased the risk for DR [odds ratio (OR): 1.519 (1.065, 2.168), 1.249 (1.068, 1.460)]. The decline in perceptual ability of second-order low, medium, and high spatial frequency sensitivity is a risk factor for moderate to severe DR [OR: 1.556 (1.116, 2.168), 1.388 (1.066, 1.806), 1.476 (1.139, 1.912)]. The first-order and the second-order high spatial frequency sensitivity are significantly positively correlated with glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.105, p = 0.015 and r = 0.119, p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusions: Visual motion sensitivity especially for the second-order high spatial frequency stimuli emerges as a significant predictor of DR in T2DM, offering a sensitive diagnostic tool for early detection.