AUTHOR=Cai Yunjia , Liu Siyuan , Zhao Xue , Ren Linan , Liu Xinming , Gang Xiaokun , Wang Guixia TITLE=Pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of plurihormonal pituitary adenoma JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience VOLUME=17 YEAR=2024 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1323883 DOI=10.3389/fnins.2023.1323883 ISSN=1662-453X ABSTRACT=

Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (PPA) is a type of pituitary tumor capable of producing two or more hormones and usually presents as an aggressive, large adenoma. As yet, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This is the first study to systematically summarize the underlying pathogenesis of PPA. The pathogenesis is related to plurihormonal primordial stem cells, co-transcription factors, hormone co-expression, differential gene expression, and cell transdifferentiation. We conducted a literature review of PPA and analyzed its clinical characteristics. We found that the average age of patients with PPA was approximately 40 years, and most showed only one clinical symptom. The most common manifestation was acromegaly. Currently, PPA is treated with surgical resection. However, recent studies suggest that immunotherapy may be a potentially effective treatment.