AUTHOR=Tian Haoyang , Zhu Haozheng , Gao Chenhao , Shi Mingxia , Yang Dekun , Jin Mingyu , Wang Fenghua , Sui Xiaohong TITLE=System-level biological effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields: an in vivo experimental review JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience VOLUME=17 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1247021 DOI=10.3389/fnins.2023.1247021 ISSN=1662-453X ABSTRACT=

During the past decades, the potential effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on human health have gained great interest all around the world. Though the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection recommended a 100 μT, and then a 200 μT magnetic field limit, the long-term effects of ELF-EMFs on organisms and systems need to be further investigated. It was reported that both electrotherapy and possible effects on human health could be induced under ELF-EM radiation with varied EM frequencies and fields. This present article intends to systematically review the in vivo experimental outcome and the corresponding mechanisms to shed some light on the safety considerations of ELF-EMFs. This will further advance the subsequent application of electrotherapy in human health.