AUTHOR=Miao Guofu , Rao Bo , Wang Sirui , Fang Pinyan , Chen Zhuo , Chen Linglong , Zhang Xin , Zheng Jun , Xu Haibo , Liao Weijing 

TITLE=Decreased Functional Connectivities of Low-Degree Level Rich Club Organization and Caudate in Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment Based on Resting-State fMRI and Radiomics Features

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.796530

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2021.796530

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>Stroke is an important cause of cognitive impairment. Rich club organization, a highly interconnected network brain core region, is closely related to cognition. We hypothesized that the disturbance of rich club organization exists in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We collected data on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) with 21 healthy controls (HC), 16 hemorrhagic stroke (hPSCI), and 21 infarct stroke (iPSCI). 3D shape features and first-order statistics of stroke lesions were extracted using 3D slicer software. Additionally, we assessed cognitive function using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Normalized rich club coefficients were higher in hPSCI and iPSCI than HC at low-degree <italic>k</italic>-levels (<italic>k</italic> = 1–8 in iPSCI, <italic>k</italic> = 2–8 in hPSCI). Feeder and local connections were significantly decreased in PSCI patients versus HC, mainly distributed in salience network (SN), default-mode network (DMN), cerebellum network (CN), and orbitofrontal cortex (ORB), especially involving the right and left caudate with changed nodal efficiency. The feeder and local connections of significantly between-group difference were positively related to MMSE and MoCA scores, primarily distributed in the sensorimotor network (SMN) and visual network (VN) in hPSCI, SN, and DMN in iPSCI. Additionally, decreased local connections and low-degree ϕ<sub>norm</sub>(k) were correlated to 3D shape features and first-order statistics of stroke lesions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>This study reveals the disrupted low-degree level rich club organization and relatively preserved functional core network in PSCI patients. Decreased feeder and local connections in cognition-related networks (DMN, SN, CN, and ORB), particularly involving the caudate nucleus, may offer insight into pathological mechanism of PSCI patients. The shape and signal features of stroke lesions may provide an essential clue for the damage of functional connectivity and the whole brain networks.</p></sec>