AUTHOR=Shahulhameed Shahna , Swain Sarpras , Jana Soumya , Chhablani Jay , Ali Mohammad Javed , Pappuru Rajeev R. , Tyagi Mudit , Vishwakarma Sushma , Sailaja Nanda , Chakrabarti Subhabrata , Giri Lopamudra , Kaur Inderjeet TITLE=A Robust Model System for Retinal Hypoxia: Live Imaging of Calcium Dynamics and Gene Expression Studies in Primary Human Mixed Retinal Culture JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience VOLUME=13 YEAR=2020 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2019.01445 DOI=10.3389/fnins.2019.01445 ISSN=1662-453X ABSTRACT=
The detailed mechanisms underlying oxidative stress that leads to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in retinal vascular conditions, including diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity etc., remain largely unexplored mainly due to a lack of suitable disease models that can simulate the inherent neuron–glia interactions in human retina. Specifically, establishment of a mixed retinal culture (MRC) containing both neuron and glial cell types remains a challenge due to different conditions required for their optimal growth and differentiation. Here, we establish a novel primary MRC model system containing neurons, astrocytes, Müller glia, and microglia from human donor retina that can be used to study the neuromodulatory effects of glial cells under the stress. The cell characterization based on immunostaining with individual cell type–specific markers and their presence in close vicinity to each other further underscores their utility for studying their cross talk. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance of an