AUTHOR=Ramirez-Zamora Adolfo , Giordano James , Boyden Edward S. , Gradinaru Viviana , Gunduz Aysegul , Starr Philip A. , Sheth Sameer A. , McIntyre Cameron C. , Fox Michael D. , Vitek Jerrold , Vedam-Mai Vinata , Akbar Umer , Almeida Leonardo , Bronte-Stewart Helen M. , Mayberg Helen S. , Pouratian Nader , Gittis Aryn H. , Singer Annabelle C. , Creed Meaghan C. , Lazaro-Munoz Gabriel , Richardson Mark , Rossi Marvin A. , Cendejas-Zaragoza Leopoldo , D’Haese Pierre-Francois , Chiong Winston , Gilron Ro’ee , Chizeck Howard , Ko Andrew , Baker Kenneth B. , Wagenaar Joost , Harel Noam , Deeb Wissam , Foote Kelly D. , Okun Michael S. TITLE=Proceedings of the Sixth Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank Modulation of Brain Networks and Application of Advanced Neuroimaging, Neurophysiology, and Optogenetics JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience VOLUME=13 YEAR=2019 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2019.00936 DOI=10.3389/fnins.2019.00936 ISSN=1662-453X ABSTRACT=

The annual deep brain stimulation (DBS) Think Tank aims to create an opportunity for a multidisciplinary discussion in the field of neuromodulation to examine developments, opportunities and challenges in the field. The proceedings of the Sixth Annual Think Tank recapitulate progress in applications of neurotechnology, neurophysiology, and emerging techniques for the treatment of a range of psychiatric and neurological conditions including Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, Tourette syndrome, epilepsy, cognitive disorders, and addiction. Each section of this overview provides insight about the understanding of neuromodulation for specific disease and discusses current challenges and future directions. This year’s report addresses key issues in implementing advanced neurophysiological techniques, evolving use of novel modulation techniques to deliver DBS, ans improved neuroimaging techniques. The proceedings also offer insights into the new era of brain network neuromodulation and connectomic DBS to define and target dysfunctional brain networks. The proceedings also focused on innovations in applications and understanding of adaptive DBS (closed-loop systems), the use and applications of optogenetics in the field of neurostimulation and the need to develop databases for DBS indications. Finally, updates on neuroethical, legal, social, and policy issues relevant to DBS research are discussed.