AUTHOR=Merrill Nick , Curran Max T. , Gandhi Swapan , Chuang John 

TITLE=One-Step, Three-Factor Passthought Authentication With Custom-Fit, In-Ear EEG

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2019.00354

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2019.00354

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=<p>In-ear EEG offers a promising path toward usable, discreet brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for both healthy individuals and persons with disabilities. To test the promise of this modality, we produced a brain-based authentication system using custom-fit EEG earpieces. In a sample of <italic>N</italic> = 7 participants, we demonstrated that our system has high accuracy, higher than prior work using non-custom earpieces. We demonstrated that both inherence and knowledge factors contribute to authentication accuracy, and performed a simulated attack to show our system's robustness against impersonation. From an authentication standpoint, our system provides three factors of authentication in a single step. From a usability standpoint, our system does not require a cumbersome, head-worn device.</p>