AUTHOR=Choo Xin Yi , Liddell Jeffrey R. , Huuskonen Mikko T. , Grubman Alexandra , Moujalled Diane , Roberts Jessica , Kysenius Kai , Patten Lauren , Quek Hazel , Oikari Lotta E. , Duncan Clare , James Simon A. , McInnes Lachlan E. , Hayne David J. , Donnelly Paul S. , Pollari Eveliina , Vähätalo Suvi , Lejavová Katarína , Kettunen Mikko I. , Malm Tarja , Koistinaho Jari , White Anthony R. , Kanninen Katja M.
TITLE=CuII(atsm) Attenuates Neuroinflammation
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience
VOLUME=12
YEAR=2018
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2018.00668
DOI=10.3389/fnins.2018.00668
ISSN=1662-453X
ABSTRACT=Background: Neuroinflammation and biometal dyshomeostasis are key pathological features of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Inflammation and biometals are linked at the molecular level through regulation of metal buffering proteins such as the metallothioneins. Even though the molecular connections between metals and inflammation have been demonstrated, little information exists on the effect of copper modulation on brain inflammation.
Methods: We demonstrate the immunomodulatory potential of the copper bis(thiosemicarbazone) complex CuII(atsm) in an neuroinflammatory model in vivo and describe its anti-inflammatory effects on microglia and astrocytes in vitro.
Results: By using a sophisticated in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach, we report the efficacy of CuII(atsm) in reducing acute cerebrovascular inflammation caused by peripheral administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CuII(atsm) also induced anti-inflammatory outcomes in primary microglia [significant reductions in nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)] and astrocytes [significantly reduced NO, MCP-1, and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] in vitro. These anti-inflammatory actions were associated with increased cellular copper levels and increased the neuroprotective protein metallothionein-1 (MT1) in microglia and astrocytes.
Conclusion: The beneficial effects of CuII(atsm) on the neuroimmune system suggest copper complexes are potential therapeutics for the treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions.