AUTHOR=GOSWAMI SONAL , Rodríguez-Sierra Olga , Cascardi Michele , Pare Denis 

TITLE=Animal models of post-traumatic stress disorder: face validity

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=7

YEAR=2013

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2013.00089

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2013.00089

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=<p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that develops in a proportion of individuals following a traumatic event. Despite recent advances, ethical limitations associated with human research impede progress in understanding PTSD. Fortunately, much effort has focused on developing animal models to help study the pathophysiology of PTSD. Here, we provide an overview of animal PTSD models where a variety of stressors (physical, psychosocial, or psychogenic) are used to examine the long-term effects of severe trauma. We emphasize models involving predator threat because they reproduce human individual differences in susceptibility to, and in the long-term consequences of, psychological trauma.</p>