AUTHOR=Kumari Rani , Mustafi Abhijit 

TITLE=The spatial frequency domain designated watermarking framework uses linear blind source separation for intelligent visual signal processing

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurorobotics

VOLUME=16

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurorobotics/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481

DOI=10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481

ISSN=1662-5218

ABSTRACT=<p>This paper develops a digital watermarking algorithm using an informed watermark retrieval architecture. The developed method uses the fractional Fourier transform to embed the watermark in the space-frequency domain and extracts the watermark using blind source separation techniques. The watermark embedding is further enhanced using a heuristic algorithm to increase the strength of the watermarking system. We use genetic algorithm to find the optimal fractional domain by minimizing the coefficient of RMSE between the input image and the watermarked image. The algorithm's performance against various common attacks, e.g., JPEG compression and Gaussian noise, is presented to estimate the algorithm's robustness.</p>