AUTHOR=Li Wei , Cao Hu , Liao Jiacai , Xia Jiahao , Cao Libo , Knoll Alois TITLE=Parking Slot Detection on Around-View Images Using DCNN JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurorobotics VOLUME=14 YEAR=2020 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurorobotics/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2020.00046 DOI=10.3389/fnbot.2020.00046 ISSN=1662-5218 ABSTRACT=

Due to the complex visual environment and incomplete display of parking slots on around-view images, vision-based parking slot detection is a major challenge. Previous studies in this field mostly use the existing models to solve the problem, the steps of which are cumbersome. In this paper, we propose a parking slot detection method that uses directional entrance line regression and classification based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to make it robust and simple. For parking slots with different shapes and observed from different angles, we represent the parking slot as a directional entrance line. Subsequently, we design a DCNN detector to simultaneously obtain the type, position, length, and direction of the entrance line. After that, the complete parking slot can be easily inferred using the detection results and prior geometric information. To verify our method, we conduct experiments on the public ps2.0 dataset and self-annotated parking slot dataset with 2,135 images. The results show that our method not only outperforms state-of-the-art competitors with a precision rate of 99.68% and a recall rate of 99.41% on the ps2.0 dataset but also performs a satisfying generalization on the self-annotated dataset. Moreover, it achieves a real-time detection speed of 13 ms per frame on Titan Xp. By converting the parking slot into a directional entrance line, the specially designed DCNN detector can quickly and effectively detect various types of parking slots.