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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Headache and Neurogenic Pain
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1564647
This article is part of the Research TopicThe association between the nervous system and the stomatognathic system: from etiology to diagnosis and treatment of orofacial painView all 7 articles
The prevalence of masticatory muscle pain in healthy individuals with class I and class II malocclusion : A cross-sectional study
Provisionally accepted
Małgorzata Gałczyńska-Rusin*
Zofia MACIEJEWSKA-SZANIEC
Małgorzata Pobudek-RadzikowskaKrzysztof Gawriołek
Agata Czajka-Jakubowska- Department of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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IntroductionThe etiopathogenesis of TMD is complex and involves multiple factors. The role of occlusal abnormalities in the painful form of TMD remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of myalgia in patients with class I and class II malocclusion.Material and methodsA total of 256 generally healthy patients, aged 25–30, with class I and class II malocclusion, were examined. Medical histories and physical examinations were conducted using the DC/TMD Form. Based on the clinical findings, the patients were divided into three groups: Group I consisted of patients with class I malocclusion; Group II included patients with class II malocclusion and proclined incisors; and Group III comprised patients with class II malocclusion and retruded incisors. Within each group, cases with muscle pain and those without were identified based on the data from the DC/TMD Form.ResultsAll studied groups (Groups I, II, and III) showed a high incidence of myalgia. However, statistical analysis did not show a significant difference in the overall occurrence of muscle pain between the groups, nor were there significant differences in pain incidence when examining individual muscles among the groups.ConclusionNo association was found between malocclusion and the occurrence of muscle pain. However, the more frequent presence of symptoms related to functional disorders, such as myalgia, highlights the need for screening and treatment even in generally healthy patients.
Keywords: Muscle pain1, malocclusion2, orthodontic patients3, TMD4, Class II
Received: 21 Jan 2025; Accepted: 09 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Gałczyńska-Rusin, MACIEJEWSKA-SZANIEC, Pobudek-Radzikowska, Gawriołek and Czajka-Jakubowska. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Małgorzata Gałczyńska-Rusin, Department of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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