Association between vitamin D、 vitamin D supplementation and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yanyan Li Peng Gao Xiao Rui Pei Zhi cheng Wang Ying Xu Lian he Li ^*

• Chaoyang Central Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China

Background:BPPV is one of the most prevalent peripheral vestibular dysfunctions encountered in clinical practice, including dizziness and vertigo, which has a significant impact on people's everyday lives and affects their quality of life in many ways. Researches indicate that individuals with recurrent BPPV may exhibit vitamin D insufficiency, and certain studies suggest that correcting severe vitamin D deficiency might effectively reduce BPPV recurrence; nevertheless, the findings have been inconsistent.As a result, we conducted the current Meta-analysis to investigate potential associations of vitamin D levels with the occurrence and recurrence of BPPV. In the meantime, the current study was done to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the prevention of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo recurrence.Methods: Electronic databases(PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library) were identified to search for relevant studies about (vitamin D or vitamin D supplementation) and (BPPV incidence or recurrence) from inception to Dec 22, 2024. 60 studies were included into this meta-analysis.Results:1)The aggregated weighted mean difference (WMD) demonstrated that there was a significant reduction in vitamin D level in the BPPV cohort (WMD = -2.84; 95% CI -4.53 to -1.15) relative to the control cohort.Likewise, Recurrent BPPV groups had significantly lower levels of vitamin D compared to non-recurrent groups. When the cupulolithiasis BPPV groups were compared to the canalolithiasis BPPV groups, the vitamin D level was lower in the cupulolithiasis groups ;2)In this meta-analysis, the multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) indicated that increased vitamin D was inversely related to BPPV incidence ,but not significantly related to the recurrence ;3)Vitamin D supplementation group had a lower recurrence rate than the control group which did not accepted vitamin D supplementation.The serum level of vitamin D is lower in patients with BPPV, especially recurrent BPPV, than in controls.There was a negative correlation between occurrence rate of BPPV episodes and vitamin D deficiency, which means that vitamin D deficiency may have a role in occurrence of BPPV.The present study indicates that vitamin D supplementation can significantly lower recurrence in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.The level of vitamin D was lower in canalolithiasis than in cupulolithiasis BPPV groups.