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REVIEW article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Neuro-Ophthalmology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1559172
Advances in Biomarkers for Optic Neuritis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: A Multi-Omics Perspective
Provisionally accepted- 1The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- 2Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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Optic neuritis (ON) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are inflammatory neuro-ophthalmological conditions characterized by significant visual impairment and diverse clinical manifestations. Advances in diagnostic biomarkers have improved disease identification, including aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG). However, some patients remain biomarker-negative, complicating differential diagnosis and personalized treatment. Multi-omics approaches have provided valuable insights into critical molecular pathways, novel biomarkers, and the shared and distinct features of ON and NMOSD. This review highlights recent advancements in biomarker research for ON and NMOSD, emphasizes the potential of multi-omics integration, identifies existing challenges, and proposes future research directions. These findings aim to enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve prognostic capabilities, and support the development of precision medicine strategies for ON and NMOSD.
Keywords: Optic Neuritis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, biomarker, multi-omics, AQP4, MOG
Received: 17 Jan 2025; Accepted: 14 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Liu, Guo and Yang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Kai Guo, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55902, Minnesota, United States
Dayong Yang, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.