AUTHOR=Yangi Kivanc , Hong Jinpyo , Gholami Arianna S. , On Thomas J. , Reed Alexander G. , Puppalla Pravarakhya , Chen Jiuxu , Calderon Valero Carlos E. , Xu Yuan , Li Baoxin , Santello Marco , Lawton Michael T. , Preul Mark C. TITLE=Deep learning in neurosurgery: a systematic literature review with a structured analysis of applications across subspecialties JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025 YEAR=2025 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1532398 DOI=10.3389/fneur.2025.1532398 ISSN=1664-2295