Potential pathogenic and protective genotypes and phenotypes of Vitamin D binding protein in multiple sclerosis

Suhail Alshammri ^1,2* Arpita Bhattacharya ² Abu Salim Mustafa ²

• ¹ Health Science Center, Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait
• ² Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait

The main carrier protein of vitamin D and its metabolites in plasma is vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) or group-specific component (Gc). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs7041, and rs4588 in the GC gene result in three major VDBP/Gc genotypes, GC1F (c.1296T, c.1307C), GC1S (c.1296G, c.1307C), GC2 (c.1296T, c.1307A), and phenotypes, Gc1F (p.432Asp, p.436Thr), Gc1S (p.432Glu, p.436Thr), and Gc2 (p.432Asp, p.436Lys). This study investigated frequencies of GC genotypes and phenotypes in Kuwaiti Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls, and their associations with serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)vitamin D] and VDBP.The genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of drug-naïve MS patients (N=151) and controls (N=127). DNA regions covering the targeted mutations were amplified by PCR, sequenced by the Sanger method, and analyzed to determine GC genotypes and phenotypes. Serum 25(OH)vitamin D and VDBP (Gc1F/Gc1F+Gc1S/Gc1F+Gc2/Gc1F)] were higher in controls. Vitamin D levels were deficient in both groups. However, VDBP concentrations were significantly low in MS patients only.The VDBP/GC genotypes and phenotypes are associated with MS. Common genotype GC1F might be protective, and GC3, the novel variant found in MS patients appeared to be pathogenetic.Hypovitaminosis-D is prevalent in MS patients and controls.