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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Neuromuscular Disorders and Peripheral Neuropathies
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1447725
Identifying Potential Co-Expressed Genes and Molecular Mechanisms Linking Post-COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre Syndrome through Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Related Genes
Provisionally accepted
Jie-Hua Su 1 Dan-Yu Lin 1 Kai-Xun Huang 1 Xiao-Huan Liu 2 Jie-Li Zhang 1 Zhong- Gui Li 1
Enxiang Tao 1*- 1 Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affilliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- 2 Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a pivotal role in immunity and autoinflammatory disease, leading us to hypothesize that NETs are crucial in Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) after SARS-CoV-2 infection. By collecting six Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets from the GEO database and dividing them into discovery and validation sets, we screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within the discovery set, with further analyses using functional enrichment analysis. Using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), we assessed immune cell infiltration in both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and GBS datasets. NETs-related genes (NETRGs) were identified through a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and NETs gene datasets. Finally, candidate drugs were screened using Connectivity Map.In this study, a total of 3254 DEGs were identified from the COVID-19 dataset, and 692 DEGs were obtained from the GBS dataset. Among these, 145 co-expressed DEGs were obtained. Bioinformatics functional analysis indicated that co-expressed DEGs were predominantly gathered in immune-related and inflammatory response pathways. Employing various algorithms, we identified MMP9, CAMP, and CASP1 as NETRGs, demonstrating good discriminatory capacity in COVID-19 and GBS. Notably, neutrophils and macrophages were identified as coupregulated differential immune infiltrating cells significantly associated with both COVID-19 and GBS. Moreover, we identified 10 candidate drugs for patients with post-COVID-19 GBS. In conclusion, MMP9, CASP1, and CAMP were identified as promising biomarkers and potential targets for therapy of post-COVID-19 GBS.
Keywords: Guillain-Barré syndrome, Post-COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Computational Biology, bioinformatics, Inflammation, neutrophil extracellular traps
Received: 12 Jun 2024; Accepted: 31 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Su, Lin, Huang, Liu, Zhang, Li and Tao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Enxiang Tao, Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affilliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
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