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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Neurol.
Sec. Stroke
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1503443

Predictive Value of Low Serum Interleukin-33 Levels in Acute Ischemic Stroke Outcomes

Provisionally accepted
wei liu wei liu 1Dongliang Luo Dongliang Luo 2Xingyu Liu Xingyu Liu 2Yuqing Zhang Yuqing Zhang 2Zhong Wang Zhong Wang 1*
  • 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
  • 2 Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Human interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family, has been identified as a therapeutic target due to its role as a proinflammatory mediator in various diseases. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of serum IL-33 levels in patients admitted with their first-ever acute ischemic stroke.This single-center, prospective, observational study included 216 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Serum IL-33 levels were measured at hospital admission to assess their predictive value for functional outcomes and mortality within three months. IL-33 levels were dichotomized at the median into two groups: the reduced group (IL-33 ≤ median) and the normal group (IL-33 > median).The median age of the 216 patients was 66 years (interquartile range [IQR], 56-75), with 132 (61.6%) being women. IL-33 serum levels were inversely correlated with stroke severity, as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and lesion size. Patients in the reduced IL-33 group had a higher rate of unfavorable outcomes (55.6% vs. 18.5%; absolute difference, 29.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 24.5% to 34.4%]; odds ratio (OR), 3.19 [95% CI, 1.72 to 5.91]) and mortality (24.1% vs. 3.7%; absolute difference, 15.8% [95% CI, 13.1% to 18.3%]; OR, 4.12 [95% CI, 1.38 to 12.31]) compared to the normal group. Furthermore, IL-33 levels enhanced the prognostic accuracy of the NIHSS for predicting functional outcomes (combined area under the curve [AUC], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.84; P < 0.001) and mortality (combined AUC, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.94; P < 0.001).This study demonstrates that lower IL-33 levels are associated with increased stroke severity and poorer prognosis. These findings suggest that IL-33 may serve as a valuable biomarker for predicting poor outcomes following acute ischemic stroke.

    Keywords: ischemic stroke, prognosis, biomarker, IL-33, Chinese

    Received: 29 Sep 2024; Accepted: 28 Oct 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 liu, Luo, Liu, Zhang and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Zhong Wang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.