Shubham Chauhan ¹ Shailesh Kumar Samal ^2* Shilpa Gaidhane ³ Navneet Dev ⁴ Ganesh Bushi ⁵ G Padma Priya ⁶ Pawan Sharma ⁷ Mahakshit Bhat ⁸ Shilpa Sharma ⁹ M Ravi Kumar ¹⁰ Aashna Sinha ¹¹ Quazi Syed Zahiruddin12 ³ Muhammed Shabil ^12,13 Sanjit Sah ¹⁴ Rukshar Syed ¹⁵ Kamal Kundra ¹⁶ Alisha Dash ¹⁷ Diptismita Jena ¹⁸

• ¹ Global Center for Evidence Synthesis (GCES), Chandigarh, Haryana, India
• ² Karolinska Institutet (KI), Solna, Sweden
• ³ Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
• ⁴ Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
• ⁵ School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
• ⁶ Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
• ⁷ Department of Science, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
• ⁸ NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
• ⁹ Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, Punjab, India
• ¹⁰ Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
• ¹¹ Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
• ¹² Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
• ¹³ Al-Mustaqbal University College, Al-Hilla City, Iraq
• ¹⁴ Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
• ¹⁵ IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
• ¹⁶ New Delhi Institute of Management, New Delhi, India
• ¹⁷ School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
• ¹⁸ Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Neurological disorders are a major global health concern, especially in BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), where demographic and socio-economic changes have amplified their impact. This study evaluates trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with neurological diseases in these countries from 1990 to 2021, focusing on gendersex disparities and key risk factors.Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Join point regression and Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) analyses were used to assess trends in neurological disease burden. Age-standardized rates for incidence, prevalence, and mortality were calculated, along with DALYs, and key risk factors were analysed.China showed the largest increase in incidence (7541.89 to 8031.37 per 100,000) and prevalence (26494.85 to 28534.79 per 100,000). Mortality increased in India (21.01 to 24.27 per 100,000) and South Africa (27.66 to 30.65 per 100,000), while China showed a decline (39.59 to 37.30 per 100,000). Brazil experienced a substantial rise in DALYs (1610.65 to 42024.59). GenderSex disparities showed higher DALY rates for females across all nations.The research highlights the rising burden of neurological disorders in BRICS nations, especially in China and Brazil due to aging populations and metabolic risks. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions in India and South Africa, where increasing mortality rates and DALYs are concerning. Effective health policies should focus on early detection, managing metabolic risks, and implementing gendersex-specific strategies to address these issues.