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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Neurol.
Sec. Sleep Disorders
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1442557

Oral Microbiome Diversity Shapes the Association between Sleep Duration and Depression

Provisionally accepted
Min Yuan Min Yuan 1*Can Yang Can Yang 1Yan Liu Yan Liu 1Liping Zhi Liping Zhi 1Xu S. Xu Xu S. Xu 2
  • 1 Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
  • 2 Genmab (United States), Princeton, New Jersey, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Emerging research suggests the relationship between the oral microbiome and sleep duration with depression, however, the precise mechanisms by which oral microbial diversity influences the sleep-depression nexus remain to be elucidated.We analyzed data from 4,692 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), incorporating key demographic variables, oral microbiome diversity metrics, sleep duration, and depression assessment variables. Classical multidimensional scaling facilitated dimensionality reduction, while unsupervised clustering divided participants into groups based on β-diversity dissimilarity matrices. We examined the moderating effects of oral microbiome diversity on the sleep-depression relationship by incorporating interaction terms sleep-oral microbiome diversity into multiple linear regression models.Results: Our analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and depression. Specifically, α-diversity was a significant moderator, with reduced diversity linked to an increased depression risk in participants with insufficient sleep. Regarding β-diversity, using both Bray-Curtis and UniFrac distance measures, Cluster 2 exhibited the strongest associations in sleepdeprived individuals (Bray-Curtis: β=1.02, p<0.001; Weighted UniFrac: β=0.91, p<0.001). In contrast, Cluster 1 displayed notable effects in individuals with excessive sleep (Bray-Curtis: β=0.63, p=0.008). Additionally, Cluster 3 was prominently associated with depression in sleepdeprived participants using unweighted UniFrac distance (β=0.93, p<0.001), and Cluster 2 was significant among those with excessive sleep across both unweighted (β=0.80, p=0.0004) and weighted UniFrac distances (β=0.60, p=0.001).This study highlights the crucial role of oral microbiome diversity in moderating the U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and depression risk.

    Keywords: sleep duration, oral microbiome diversity, Depression, Interaction, NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey)

    Received: 08 Jun 2024; Accepted: 23 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Yuan, Yang, Liu, Zhi and Xu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Min Yuan, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China

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