Skip to main content

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Neurol.
Sec. Endovascular and Interventional Neurology
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1431723
This article is part of the Research Topic Advance in Vascular Anomalies of Head and Neck Region: From Bench to Bedside View all articles

Ethanol foam: A novel type of foam sclerosant for treating venous malformations

Provisionally accepted
Han-Shu Zhang Han-Shu Zhang 1,2Yi-Ran Liu Yi-Ran Liu 2Shao-Hua Liu Shao-Hua Liu 2*
  • 1 Other, 北京市, China
  • 2 Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Sclerotherapy is a commonly utilized treatment approach for venous malformations.Absolute ethanol is renowned for its remarkable efficacy as a potent sclerosants, but it is potentially associated with severe complications. Foam sclerotherapy is considered superior to liquid sclerotherapy owing to its heightened efficacy and diminished incidence of complications. Thus, our objective was to devise an ethanol foam sclerosant that delivers exceptional efficacy while mitigating complications. In the first set of experiments, we identified the suitable range of ethanol concentrations for sclerotherapy through human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation assays and blood clotting experiments. Next, the surfactants polysorbate 80, egg yolk lecithin, and hyaluronic acid were added to create stable ethanol foam, with their ratios meticulously optimized. The optimal concentration range of ethanol was determined to be 30%-60%. Eventually, a 48% ethanol foam was successfully produced with excellent stability. Other than ethanol, the formulation included 5 × 10 -3 g/mL polysorbate 80, 10 -2 g/mL egg yolk lecithin, and 0.04 mL/mL hyaluronic acid. The novel ethanol foam produced here could be a promising candidate for the treatment of venous malformations.

    Keywords: Venous malformations, Sclerotherapy, Absolute ethanol, Foam sclerosant, ethanol foam

    Received: 12 May 2024; Accepted: 30 Jul 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Zhang, Liu and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Shao-Hua Liu, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.