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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Neurol.
Sec. Headache and Neurogenic Pain
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1427277
This article is part of the Research Topic Headache and other symptoms in special populations View all 19 articles

Association between family income to poverty ratio and severe headache /migraine in the American adults: data from NHANES 1999-2004

Provisionally accepted
Lingling Sun Lingling Sun *Rongjian Zhao Rongjian Zhao Xuemei You Xuemei You Junpeng Meng Junpeng Meng Lin Meng Lin Meng Haili Di Haili Di
  • Department of Neurology,Northwest University First Hospital, Xi'an, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The relationship between family income to poverty ratio (PIR) and severe headache/migraine remains unclear.Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from NHANES 1999-2004. PIR was the exposure variable, and severe headache/migraine was the dependent variable. We performed univariate analyses of severe headache/migraine, PIR, and other covariates. The association between PIR and severe headache/migraine was tested using multiple regression models. Furthermore, interaction tests and stratified analyses assessed the relationship between PIR and severe headache/migraine across subgroups.Results: There were a total of 8,800 participants: 4,833 (54.92%) males and 3,967 (45.08%) females, 1,714 (19.48%) with severe headache/migraine and 7,086 (80.52%) without severe headache/migraine.After adjustment for all variables, PIR negatively correlated with severe headache/migraine OR=0.86 95%CI (0.83, 0.90) P<0.0001. The variable PIR was categorized as the low-income (PIR<1), the middle-income (PIR1-4), and the high-income (PIR>4). Notably, there was a significant difference in trend for the high-income group (PIR>4) compared to the control low-income group (PIR<1) (all P for interaction<0.05). Dose-response correlations were also analyzed using smoothed curve fitting, revealing a negative correlation between PIR and severe headache/migraine (P <0.0001). Subgroup analysis results indicated that the negative association between PIR and severe headache/migraine was more pronounced in the following populations: males (OR=0.84 95%CI (0.79, 0.90), <60 years old [Age<45 group OR=0.81 95%CI (0.76, 0.85), Age 45-60 group OR=0.86 95%CI (0.79, 0.93), and those with education levels ≥high school [High School OR=0.87 95%CI (0.81, 0.95), >High School OR=0.82 95%CI (0.78, 0.87)].Conclusions: There is a negative correlation between PIR and the incidence of severe headaches/ migraine in Americans aged 20 years or older. This study has implications for the comprehensive management of patients with severe headache/migraine.

    Keywords: severe headache/migraine, family income to poverty ratio (PIR), NHANES, Cross-sectional study, Adult

    Received: 03 May 2024; Accepted: 04 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Sun, Zhao, You, Meng, Meng and Di. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Lingling Sun, Department of Neurology,Northwest University First Hospital, Xi'an, China

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