AUTHOR=Liu Xiaoyan , Fan Ziqi , Chen Xuanyu , Zhang Yanyan , He Fangping , Ma Xiaohua , Ke Qing TITLE=Case report: A longitudinal study of an unusual rapidly progressive dementia case JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology VOLUME=14 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1151130 DOI=10.3389/fneur.2023.1151130 ISSN=1664-2295 ABSTRACT=

It is daunting to determine the etiology of rapidly progressive dementia (RPD), which includes metabolic, neoplastic, infectious, autoimmune, neurodegenerative and other conditions. Herein, we illustrate an unusual case of a patient primarily exhibiting RPD, overlapping sleep dysfunction, psychosis and abnormal movement, which was finally defined as anti-IgLON5 disease, a novel and rare autoimmune encephalopathy. Furthermore, we longitudinally described his cognitive and psychological performance in detail, and determined that early initiation of immunotherapy in this patient did not result in a good outcome. These data highlight anti-IgLON5 disease as a possible differential diagnosis in patients with RPD.