AUTHOR=Rudå Ditte , Einarsson Gudmundur , Andersen Anne Sofie Schott , Matthiassen Jannik Boll , Correll Christoph U. , Winge Kristian , Clemmensen Line K. H. , Paulsen Rasmus R. , Pagsberg Anne Katrine , Fink-Jensen Anders 

TITLE=Exploring Movement Impairments in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Using the Microsoft Kinect Sensor: A Feasibility Study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2020.610614

DOI=10.3389/fneur.2020.610614

ISSN=1664-2295

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> Current assessments of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease are often limited to clinical rating scales.</p><p><bold>Objectives:</bold> To develop a computer application using the Microsoft Kinect sensor to assess performance-related bradykinesia.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> The developed application (<italic>Motorgame</italic>) was tested in patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls. Participants were assessed with the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and standardized clinical side effect rating scales, i.e., UKU Side Effect Rating Scale and Simpson-Angus Scale. Additionally, tests of information processing (Symbol Coding Task) and motor speed (Token Motor Task), together with a questionnaire, were applied.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> Thirty patients with Parkinson's disease and 33 healthy controls were assessed. In the patient group, there was a statistically significant (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) association between prolonged time of motor performance in the <italic>Motorgame</italic> and upper body rigidity and bradykinesia (MDS-UPDRS) with the strongest effects in the right hand (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). In the entire group, prolonged time of motor performance was significantly associated with higher Simson-Angus scale rigidity score and higher UKU hypokinesia scores (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). A shortened time of motor performance was significantly associated with higher scores on information processing (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). Time of motor performance was not significantly associated with Token Motor Task, duration of illness, or hours of daily physical activity. The <italic>Motorgame</italic> was well-accepted.</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> In the present feasibility study the <italic>Motorgame</italic> was able to detect common motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease in a statistically significant and clinically meaningful way, making it applicable for further testing in larger samples.</p>