AUTHOR=Roth Steven , Moss Heather E. 

TITLE=Update on Perioperative Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Associated With Non-ophthalmic Surgery

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2018.00557

DOI=10.3389/fneur.2018.00557

ISSN=1664-2295

ABSTRACT=<p>Perioperative visual loss (POVL) is a rare, serious complication of non-ophthalmic surgeries. Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), and retinal arterial occlusion (RAO) are the main causes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>). Less frequent are cortical blindness (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>), acute glaucoma (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>), and choroidal and vitreous hemorrhage (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>). ION is the most common cause for which the neurologist or neuro-ophthalmologist is consulted as it is associated either with a normal ophthalmic exam (posterior ION, PION), or less often, with optic nerve (ON) head swelling (anterior ION, AION). The presumed cause is impaired blood supply to the optic nerve (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>). The most common surgical procedures complicated by ION are cardiac surgery and spinal fusion. Retrospective studies, surveys, and case reports are the basis of most knowledge regarding peri-operative ION (poION), with cohort and case-control studies helping to identify candidate risk factors (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>). Animal models have provided insight regarding mechanisms (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>). This mini-review is an update on the latest advancements regarding poION in non-ophthalmic surgeries in epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies.</p>