AUTHOR=Berg Torill , Walaas Sven Ivar , Roberg Bjørg Åse , Huynh Trang Thi , Jensen Jørgen 

TITLE=Plasma Norepinephrine in Hypertensive Rats Reflects α2-Adrenoceptor Release Control Only When Re-Uptake is Inhibited

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology

VOLUME=3

YEAR=2012

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2012.00160

DOI=10.3389/fneur.2012.00160

ISSN=1664-2295

ABSTRACT=<p>α<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptors (AR) lower central sympathetic output and peripheral catecholamine release, thereby protecting against sympathetic hyperactivity and hypertension. Norepinephrine re-uptake–transporter effectively (NET) removes norepinephrine from the synapse. Overflow to plasma will therefore not reflect release. Here we tested if inhibition of re-uptake allowed presynaptic α<sub>2</sub>AR release control to be reflected as differences in norepinephrine overflow in anesthetized hypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (WKY). We also tested if α<sub>2</sub>AR modulated the experiment-induced epinephrine secretion, and a phenylephrine-induced, α<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic vasoconstriction. Blood pressure was recorded through a femoral artery catheter, and cardiac output by ascending aorta flow. After pre-treatment with NET inhibitor (desipramine), and/or α<sub>2</sub>AR antagonist (yohimbine, L-659,066) or agonist (clonidine, ST-91), we injected phenylephrine. Arterial blood was sampled 15 min later. Plasma catecholamine concentrations were not influenced by phenylephrine, and therefore reflected effects of pre-treatment. Desipramine and α<sub>2</sub>AR antagonist separately had little effect on norepinephrine overflow. Combined, they increased norepinephrine overflow, particularly in SHR. Clonidine, but not ST-91, reduced, and pertussis toxin increased norepinephrine overflow in SHR and epinephrine secretion in both strains. L-659,066 + clonidine (central α<sub>2</sub>AR-stimulation) normalized the high blood pressure, heart rate, and vascular tension in SHR. α<sub>2</sub>AR antagonists reduced phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction equally in WKY and SHR. Conclusions: α<sub>2A</sub>AR inhibition increased norepinephrine overflow only when re-uptake was blocked, and then with particular efficacy in SHR, possibly due to their high sympathetic tone. α<sub>2A</sub>AR inhibited epinephrine secretion, particularly in SHR. α<sub>2A</sub>AR supported α<sub>1</sub>AR-induced vasoconstriction equally in the two strains. α<sub>2</sub>AR malfunctions were therefore not detected in SHR under this basal condition.</p>