AUTHOR=Eguchi Kohgaku , Montanaro Jacqueline , Le Monnier Elodie , Shigemoto Ryuichi 

TITLE=The Number and Distinct Clustering Patterns of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Nerve Terminals

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroanatomy

VOLUME=16

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroanatomy/articles/10.3389/fnana.2022.846615

DOI=10.3389/fnana.2022.846615

ISSN=1662-5129

ABSTRACT=<p>Upon the arrival of action potentials at nerve terminals, neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles (SVs) by exocytosis. Ca<sub><italic>V</italic></sub>2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 are the major subunits of the voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) responsible for increasing intraterminal calcium levels and triggering SV exocytosis in the central nervous system (CNS) synapses. The two-dimensional analysis of Ca<sub><italic>V</italic></sub>2 distributions using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling (SDS-FRL) has revealed their numbers, densities, and nanoscale clustering patterns in individual presynaptic active zones. The variation in these properties affects the coupling of VGCCs with calcium sensors on SVs, synaptic efficacy, and temporal precision of transmission. In this study, we summarize how the morphological parameters of Ca<sub><italic>V</italic></sub>2 distribution obtained using SDS-FRL differ depending on the different types of synapses and could correspond to functional properties in synaptic transmission.</p>