AUTHOR=Troili Fernanda , Cipollini Virginia , Moci Marco , Morena Emanuele , Palotai Miklos , Rinaldi Virginia , Romano Carmela , Ristori Giovanni , Giubilei Franco , Salvetti Marco , Orzi Francesco , Guttmann Charles R. G. , Cavallari Michele TITLE=Perivascular Unit: This Must Be the Place. The Anatomical Crossroad Between the Immune, Vascular and Nervous System JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroanatomy VOLUME=14 YEAR=2020 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroanatomy/articles/10.3389/fnana.2020.00017 DOI=10.3389/fnana.2020.00017 ISSN=1662-5129 ABSTRACT=
Most neurological disorders seemingly have heterogenous pathogenesis, with overlapping contribution of neuronal, immune and vascular mechanisms of brain injury. The perivascular space in the brain represents a crossroad where those mechanisms interact, as well as a key anatomical component of the recently discovered glymphatic pathway, which is considered to play a crucial role in the clearance of brain waste linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The pathological interplay between neuronal, immune and vascular factors can create an environment that promotes self-perpetration of mechanisms of brain injury across different neurological diseases, including those that are primarily thought of as neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory or cerebrovascular. Changes of the perivascular space can be monitored in humans