AUTHOR=Müller Jan , Bakkum Douglas J., Hierlemann Andreas TITLE=Sub-millisecond closed-loop feedback stimulation between arbitrary sets of individual neurons JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neural Circuits VOLUME=6 YEAR=2013 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neural-circuits/articles/10.3389/fncir.2012.00121 DOI=10.3389/fncir.2012.00121 ISSN=1662-5110 ABSTRACT=

We present a system to artificially correlate the spike timing between sets of arbitrary neurons that were interfaced to a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) high-density microelectrode array (MEA). The system features a novel reprogrammable and flexible event engine unit to detect arbitrary spatio-temporal patterns of recorded action potentials and is capable of delivering sub-millisecond closed-loop feedback of electrical stimulation upon trigger events in real-time. The relative timing between action potentials of individual neurons as well as the temporal pattern among multiple neurons, or neuronal assemblies, is considered an important factor governing memory and learning in the brain. Artificially changing timings between arbitrary sets of spiking neurons with our system could provide a “knob” to tune information processing in the network.