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REVIEW article
Front. Nanotechnol.
Sec. Biomedical Nanotechnology
Volume 7 - 2025 |
doi: 10.3389/fnano.2025.1521131
Recent Advances of Nanovaccines on Cancer Theranostics
Provisionally accepted- 1 School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- 2 People's Hospital of Rugao, Rugao, China
- 3 Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- 4 Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 5 The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million cancer deaths worldwide in 2022. Immunotherapy provides innovative strategies among the most groundbreaking developments in cancer treatment. Cancer vaccines, as a form of immunotherapy, have a great prospect to help patients resistant to other standard-of-care immunotherapies. On the other hand, the various properties of nanomaterials play an essential role in the collecting, maturation, and activation of the immune system. Cancer vaccines based on nanomaterials (also called nanovaccines) can be specifically delivered to target tissues and cells through nanocarriers and nanoplatforms, thereby improving efficacy, extending the duration of antitumor immunity, and minimizing side effects. This paper reviewed the research progress of some nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy, including polymer nanoparticle vaccine, liposome nanoparticle vaccine, cell-based nanoparticle vaccine, inorganic nanoparticle vaccine, adjuvant and auxiliary work. We believe that polymer nanoparticlebased nanovaccines have the most widespread applications currently, while liposome nanovaccines using mRNA are expected to see greater development in the future. We also think that nanovaccines can play a great role in cancer prevention and treatment, especially in prolonging the life span of patients.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Nanovaccines, Immunotherapy, Cancer, Theranostics 10 Author Contributions Conceptualization, B.L. and J.Z., methodology, J.Z. and B.L., software, B.L., validation, B.L., J.Z. and M.H., formal analysis, X.Y. and T.X., investigation, T.X., resources, X.Y., data curation, X.Y. and T.X.
Received: 01 Nov 2024; Accepted: 20 Jan 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yuan, Xu, Hussain, Liu and Zhu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xiaobing Yuan, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
Bin Liu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Jianwei Zhu, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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