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REVIEW article
Front. Nanotechnol.
Sec. Biomedical Nanotechnology
Volume 7 - 2025 |
doi: 10.3389/fnano.2025.1516180
Nanoparticle-Mediated Gene Delivery Techniques in Plant Systems
Provisionally accepted- 1 Tennessee State University, Nashville, United States
- 2 Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Plant genetic engineering is an evolving discipline that contributes to crop improvement by introducing desirable traits into crop plants, such as improved yield, enhanced nutrition value, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant transformation is carried out in two steps: Gene delivery into the plant cell and regeneration of the plant cell into the fertile plant. Gene delivery is an essential step in plant genetic transformation, and it is largely plant species-specific. Based on the mode of delivery the conventional plant gene delivery methods are divided into three main categories: biological (Agrobacterium-mediated transformation), physical (biolistic and electroporation), and chemical (Polyethylene glycol mediated and liposome-mediated gene delivery). Apart from species constraints, these methods have unique advantages and limitations, including random gene integration, low gene transfer efficiency, tissue damage, united gene alterations, time-consuming and labor-intensive plant regeneration protocols. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have introduced novel gene-delivery systems, utilizing micro and nanoparticles, which can overcome many limitations of conventional plant gene delivery methods by exhibiting superior transformation efficiency, demonstrate compatibility with biological systems, offer protection to different cargoes, and hold significant capability for enhancing plant regeneration. Nanoparticles are well recognized for its flexible size, shape, and cargo-binding properties, which enable them to surpass defensive primary cell wall barrier and it can be a promising candidate for plant gene delivery applications. However, delivering the nanoparticles and cargo complexes into plants is a critical step of the gene delivery process, and have not been thoroughly explored. In this review, we provide comprehensive insights into nano-delivery systems and detailed methods of introducing nanoparticle complexes into plant tissues.Further, we also discuss techniques such as syringe infiltration, vacuum infiltration, biolistic methods, magnetofection, ultrasound-mediated delivery, passive diffusion, cellular uptake, and spray method . This review serves as a valuable resource for advancing plant gene transformation using nanoparticles, offering guidance on the most effective delivery methods to enhance plant genetic engineering outcomes.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Plants, gene delivery, insertion methods, transformation Introduction-
Received: 24 Oct 2024; Accepted: 21 Jan 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Shivashakarappa, Marriboina, Dumenyo, Taheri and Yadegari. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Kuber Shivashakarappa, Tennessee State University, Nashville, United States
Korsi Dumenyo, Tennessee State University, Nashville, United States
Ali Taheri, Tennessee State University, Nashville, United States
Zeinab Yadegari, Fisk University, Nashville, 37208, Tennessee, United States
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.