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REVIEW article

Front. Nanotechnol.
Sec. Biomedical Nanotechnology
Volume 6 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fnano.2024.1496230

Influence of physicochemical factors on the interaction of metallic nanoparticles with immune system cells

Provisionally accepted
Sinai Guadalupe Gutiérrez Cruz Sinai Guadalupe Gutiérrez Cruz 1Alejandro Muñoz Diosdado Alejandro Muñoz Diosdado 1*Ramón Alejandro Gutiérrez Calleja Ramón Alejandro Gutiérrez Calleja 1*Octavio Rodríguez Cortés Octavio Rodríguez Cortés 2Ana Elenka Ortiz Reyes Ana Elenka Ortiz Reyes 3Raúl Flores Mejía Raúl Flores Mejía 2*
  • 1 Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
  • 2 Laboratorio de inflamación y obesidad, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, Mexico
  • 3 Laboratorio de celulas troncales tumorales, UIMEO, Hospital Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico, Mexico

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Different physicochemical factors, such as size, concentration, shape, exposure time, area, and surface chemistry, influence the interaction between metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) and immune system cells. Particle size is particularly significant, as smaller particles facilitate easier cell internalization, while larger particles exhibit lower immunogenicity. Concentration also plays a critical role; high concentrations may trigger toxic responses, while low concentrations may act beneficially. Additionally, the morphology of nanoparticles affects their affinity for different cell types. It modulates the intensity of immune responses, while exposure time determines whether the immune response manifests as acute or chronic. The material composition of nanoparticles influences the initial interaction with cells, including protein adsorption and recognition by cell receptors. Understanding and controlling physicochemical factors is essential for developing therapeutic applications based on MNPs and minimizing potential adverse effects on the immune system. This paper reviews the reported biological effects of MNPs on various immune cell types, including B and T lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils.

    Keywords: Metallic nanoparticles, Cell interaction, Immunological compatibility, physicochemical factors, Immune system cells

    Received: 07 Oct 2024; Accepted: 03 Dec 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Gutiérrez Cruz, Muñoz Diosdado, Gutiérrez Calleja, Rodríguez Cortés, Ortiz Reyes and Flores Mejía. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Alejandro Muñoz Diosdado, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
    Ramón Alejandro Gutiérrez Calleja, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
    Raúl Flores Mejía, Laboratorio de inflamación y obesidad, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, Mexico

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.