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REVIEW article
Front. Mol. Biosci.
Sec. Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2025.1568865
The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.
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The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial element of cancerous tissue and has emerged as a promising target for therapeutic strategies. The complex variety of stromal cells within the TME plays a vital role in determining the tumor's aggressiveness and its resistance to treatment.Tumor progression is not solely driven by cancer cells harboring genetic mutations but is also significantly influenced by non-cancerous host cells within the TME, which strongly impact tumor growth, metastasis, and the response to therapies.Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a diverse group of stromal cells within the TME. They play dual roles, both promoting and inhibiting tumor growth, making them intriguing targets for enhancing cancer therapies. Their significant contribution to creating a tumor-supportive environment has diminished the effectiveness of various cancer treatments, including radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy. Research has increasingly focused on understanding how CAFs contribute to therapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to improve treatment outcomes. However, the ways in which CAF patterns affect the TME and the response to immunotherapy in TNBC are not yet well understood and the interactions between CAFs, tumor cells, and immune cells in TNBC remain largely unexplored. In this review, we thoroughly exam ine the relationship between TNBC progression and CAF patterns.We discuss the current understanding of CAF heterogeneity, their role in tumor progression, and their impact on the tumor's response to therapeutic agents in TNBC. Additionally, we explore the potential and possible strategies for therapies targeting CAFs.
Keywords: TNBC, CAF, therapeutic resistance, TME, cancer therapies
Received: 30 Jan 2025; Accepted: 11 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Brogna, Varone, Delsesto and Ferrara. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Marianna Brogna, G. Pascale National Cancer Institute Foundation (IRCCS), Naples, Italy
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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