AUTHOR=Zhang Yingjie , Hua Wenjie , Dang Yini , Cheng Yihui , Wang Jiayue , Zhang Xiu , Teng Meiling , Wang Shenrui , Zhang Min , Kong Zihao , Lu Xiao , Zheng Yu 

TITLE=Validated Impacts of N6-Methyladenosine Methylated mRNAs on Apoptosis and Angiogenesis in Myocardial Infarction Based on MeRIP-Seq Analysis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-biosciences/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.789923

DOI=10.3389/fmolb.2021.789923

ISSN=2296-889X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Objectives</bold>: N6-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) is hypothesized to play a role in the regulation of pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI). This study was designed to compare m<sup>6</sup>A-tagged transcript profiles to identify mRNA-specific changes on pathophysiological variations after MI.</p><p><bold>Methods</bold>: N6-methyladenosine methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were interacted to select m<sup>6</sup>A-modified mRNAs with samples collected from sham operated and MI rat models. m<sup>6</sup>A methylation regulated mRNAs were interacted with apoptosis/angiogenesis related genes in GeneCards. Afterwards, MeRIP-quantitative real-time PCR (MeRIP-qRT-PCR) was performed to measure m<sup>6</sup>A methylation level of hub mRNAs. m<sup>6</sup>A methylation variation was tested under different oxygen concentration or hypoxic duration in H9c2 cells and HUVECs. In addition, Western blot and qRT-PCR were employed to detect expression of hub mRNAs and relevant protein level. Flow cytometry and Tunel assay were conducted to assess apoptotic level. CCK-8, EdU, and tube formation assay were performed to measure cell proliferation and tube formation ability.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>: Upregulation of Mettl3 was firstly observed <italic>in vivo</italic> and <italic>in vitro</italic>, followed by upregulation of m<sup>6</sup>A methylation level. A total of 567 significantly changed m<sup>6</sup>A methylation peaks were identified, including 276 upregulated and 291 downregulated peaks. A total of 576 mRNAs were upregulated and 78 were downregulated. According to combined analysis of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq, we identified 26 significantly hypermethylated and downregulated mRNAs. Based on qRT-PCR and interactive analysis, Hadh, Kcnn1, and Tet1 were preliminarily identified as hub mRNAs associated with apoptosis/angiogenesis. MeRIP-qRT-PCR assay confirmed the results from MeRIP-seq. With the inhibition of Mettl3 in H9c2 cells and HUVECs, downregulated m<sup>6</sup>A methylation level of total RNA and upregulated expression of hub mRNAs were observed. Increased m<sup>6</sup>A level was verified in the gradient context in terms of prolonged hypoxic duration and decreased oxygen concentration. Under simulated hypoxia, roles of Kcnn1 and Tet1 in angiogenesis and Hadh, Tet1, and Kcnn1 in apoptosis were further confirmed with our validation experiments.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: Roles of m<sup>6</sup>A-modified mRNA transcripts in the context of MI were preliminarily verified. In the context of m<sup>6</sup>A methylation, three hub mRNAs were validated to impact the process of apoptosis/angiogenesis. Our study provided theoretical basis and innovative targets for treatment of MI and paved the way for future investigations aiming at exploring upstream epigenetic mechanisms of pathogenesis after MI.</p>