AUTHOR=Qian Zhong , Trostel Andrei , Lewis Dale E. A. , Lee Sang Jun , He Ximiao , Stringer Anne M. , Wade Joseph T. , Schneider Thomas D. , Durfee Tim , Adhya Sankar 

TITLE=Genome-Wide Transcriptional Regulation and Chromosome Structural Arrangement by GalR in E. coli

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

VOLUME=3

YEAR=2016

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-biosciences/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2016.00074

DOI=10.3389/fmolb.2016.00074

ISSN=2296-889X

ABSTRACT=<p>The regulatory protein, GalR, is known for controlling transcription of genes related to D-galactose metabolism in <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>. Here, using a combination of experimental and bioinformatic approaches, we identify novel GalR binding sites upstream of several genes whose function is not directly related to D-galactose metabolism. Moreover, we do not observe regulation of these genes by GalR under standard growth conditions. Thus, our data indicate a broader regulatory role for GalR, and suggest that regulation by GalR is modulated by other factors. Surprisingly, we detect regulation of 158 transcripts by GalR, with few regulated genes being associated with a nearby GalR binding site. Based on our earlier observation of long-range interactions between distally bound GalR dimers, we propose that GalR indirectly regulates the transcription of many genes by inducing large-scale restructuring of the chromosome.</p>