Plastic pollution has surged due to increased human consumption and disposal of plastic products. Microbial communities capable of utilizing plastic as a carbon source may play a crucial role in degrading and consuming environmental plastic. In this study, we investigated the potential of a modified Winogradsky column (WC) to enrich Connecticut landfill soil for plastic-degrading bacteria and genes.
By filling WCs with landfill soil and inorganic Bushnell Haas medium, and incorporating polyethylene (PE) strips at different soil layers, we aimed to identify bacterial taxa capable of degrading PE. We employed high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to identify the microbes cultivated on the plastic strips and the intervening landfill soil. We used PICRUSt2 to estimate the functional attributes of each community from 16S rRNA sequences.
After 12 months of incubation, distinct colors were observed along the WC layers, indicating successful cultivation. Sequencing revealed significant differences in bacterial communities between the plastic strips and the intervening landfill-soil habitats, including increased abundance of the phyla Verrucomicrobiota and Pseudomonadota (néé Proteobacteria) on the strips. Based on inferred genomic content, the most highly abundant proteins in PE strip communities tended to be associated with plastic degradation pathways. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences showed novel unclassified phyla and genera enriched on the plastic strips. Our findings suggest PE-supplemented Winogradsky columns can enrich for plastic-degrading microbes, offering insights into bioremediation strategies.