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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Microbiol.
Sec. Terrestrial Microbiology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1588591
This article is part of the Research Topic Microbe-Environment Interaction Across Grassland Ecosystems: Soil Microbial Diversity, Plant-Microbe Interplay, and Ecosystem Functionality View all articles
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Studying the influence of altitude on soil microorganisms and enzyme activity is crucial for protecting land environmental changes in karst areas. The study focused on the soil at different altitudes in the Luganyou area, Baise City. The analysis encompassed assessments of soil nutrient properties, soil microorganisms, and soil enzymes across these altitude gradients. The results indicate that enzyme activity in the 0-15 cm soil layer surpasses that in the 15-30 cm soil layer. Catalase, urease, and soil cellulase exhibit consistent trends on both shady and sunny slopes, increasing with altitude. Alpha diversity analysis shows that the abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi on the shaded side exhibit the following trend of low altitude > high altitude. In contrast, on the sunny side, bacterial richness displayed a decreasing-increasing pattern with rising altitude, while the diversity trend mirrored that of the shady side. Overall, fungal richness on the sunny side exhibited a slight decrease, whereas diversity increased with altitude. Across shady slopes, overall soil nutrient levels tend to increase with altitude. The comprehensive ecological stoichiometry analysis of the soil indicated an elevated C/N ratio, while the N/P and C/P ratios were relatively low on both shady and sunny slopes. These findings suggest that the study area as a whole is constrained by N availability. Correlation and redundancy analyses revealed that organic matter is the primary factor influencing enzyme activity in shaded slopes, while organic matter and available phosphorus are the key factors affecting enzyme activity in sunny slopes. The key nutrient factors affecting microorganisms include total nitrogen content, organic matter content, as well as enzyme factors such as invertase, catalase, and acid phosphatase. In summary, the study revealed a negative correlation between microbial diversity on shady slopes and altitude in the low altitude areas of southwest China (160-380 m). Additionally, bacterial richness on sunny slopes displayed a "low-high-low" trend, underscoring the significance of organic matter (R²=0.683) and available phosphorus (P<0.05) as pivotal drivers of microbial communities. These findings aim to offer a theoretical framework for guiding crop cultivation, land management, and enhancement strategies in southwestern China.
Keywords: elevation, Soil, Enzymatic activity, Soil microbial diversity, redundancy analysis (RDA)
Received: 06 Mar 2025; Accepted: 01 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Qiuliang, guikang, chun, ning, lingling, jian, hong and wei. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
jia guikang, Baise University, Baise City, China
zhong ning, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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