Effects of Bacterial Fertilizer and Soil Amendment on Spuriopinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Kitag. Growth and Soil Microbiota

跃 邹¹燕 邹¹Baiming Yang¹Jianlei Qiao¹Shuang Liu¹Chunbo Zhao¹Kun Shi²Yue Yu¹Shuang Li³Shanshan Chen^1*

• ¹College of Horticulture, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
• ²Liaoyuan Sino-German Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd., Dongliao County, China
• ³Teaching and Research Base Management Office, Jilin Agricultural University, changchun, China

Spuriopinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Kitag., a nutrient-rich wild vegetable, exhibits reduced quality under artificial cultivation due to altered soil conditions. This study investigated the effects of bacterial fertilizer (Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis) and soil amendment (earthworm polysaccharide) on its growth, soil fertility, and microbial diversity. Seven treatments were applied: conventional cultivation (CK) and six combinations of fertilizers/amendments. Results showed that combined treatments (T3: bacterial fertilizers; T6: bacterial fertilizers + amendment) significantly increased yield (30%) and nutrient content (soluble sugar, protein, flavonoids). The T6 treatment increased the root penetration depth by 50% . At the same time, it maintained high levels of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (127 mg/kg) and Olsen-P (41 mg/kg), indicating that the synergistic effect of microbial fertilizers and soil amendments enhances soil fertility by optimizing rhizosphere nutrient cycling. Microbial analysis revealed T6 optimized soil microbiota richness (Chao1 index: 3465) and diversity (Shannon: 10.84), favoring beneficial genera (Nocardioides, Gemmatimonas).Functional prediction analysis showed that T6 enhanced microbial stress resistance and nitrogen metabolism, with significant enrichment of omp31 (outer membrane immunogenic protein) and lysY (lysine metabolism-related enzyme) functions. These findings provide a sustainable strategy for improving Spuriopinella cultivation and soil health.Spuriopinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Kitag., a perennial herb of the Umbelliferae family, thrives in cool, humid mountainous habitats, particularly in broad-leaved forests and valley wetlands (Yang et al., 2000). Its tender stems and leaves are prized as a wild vegetable due to their high nutritional value, including protein, vitamin C, and flavonoids (Li et al., 2016). However, under artificial cultivation, S. brachycarpa often exhibits reduced quality and yield, primarily attributed to deviations in soil conditions from its natural rhizosphere environmentcharacterized by rich organic matter, optimal drainage, and a deep soil layer (Chen et al., 2024).