New Insights into Viral Threats in Soybean (Glycine max) Crops from Bangladesh, Including a Novel Crinivirus

Mst Fatema Khatun ^1,2 Myeonghwan Kwak ¹ Minhyeok Kwon ¹ Md. Motaher Hossain ² Eui-Joon Kil ^1*

• ¹ Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
• ² Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur City, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Soybean (Glycine max) crops in Bangladesh face significant challenges due to plant virus diseases, exacerbated by the hot and humid conditions that favor virus and vector proliferation. The emergence or resurgence of new viruses can also jeopardize soybean production because of the difficulties in identifying and understanding these pathogens. Additionally, detecting and characterizing new plant viruses demand considerable resources and commitment. This study focuses on soybean plants exhibiting green or yellow mosaic, leaf wrinkling and mild yellowing symptoms, collected from research fields in Gazipur, Bangladesh, between February 2022 and January 2023. Utilizing highthroughput sequencing, we examined the virome in soybean leaves. Our findings revealed the presence of three RNA viruses -Potyvirus phaseovulgaris (bean common mosaic virus, BCMV), P. phaseoli (bean common mosaic necrosis virus, BCMNV), a novel crinivirus -and one DNA virus, Begomovirus vignaradiataindiaense (mungbean yellow mosaic India virus, MYMIV). This is the first identification of novel crinivirus soybean mild yellows Bangladesh virus (SMYBV) in soybean. We assembled four viral genome sequences for phylogenetic analysis. The novel crinivirus showed a close relation to criniviruses CCYV, LCV, and PloACV. BCMV and BCMNV exhibited high sequence similarity with a Bangladesh isolate in the common bean, which indicated the continued spread of BCMV and BCMNV present in Bangladesh. Mixed infections with MYMIV-SMYBV, MYMIV-BCMV-BCMNV, and MYMIV-BCMNV were detected in soybean samples via RT-PCR and PCR.