SREEJITH Meppoyilam
Sanjay Pal
*
Ajith Madhavan
*
Chinchu Bose
J Pooja
Swetha Suresh
The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Microbiol.
Sec. Microbiotechnology
Volume 15 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1507918
This article is part of the Research Topic Microbial Biotechnologies for Efficient Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery View all 11 articles
Biorefinery-inspired, two-step valorisation strategy to manage plant-based recalcitrant organic waste, involving solvent extraction, and fermentation with Bacillus clausi-A proof of concept study
Provisionally accepted- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kollam, India
Approximately 40–50% of municipal solid waste is organic and causing biogenic malodour and infections, due to inefficient treatment methods. Biorefinery-based bioremediation and valorisation is in vogue against these conventional strategies since it combines unit operations for better efficiency and productivity. Deriving inspiration, the proposed strategy puts together a unique and compatible combination of processes. This novel two-step valorisation workflow involves the extraction of small molecules using organic solvents, and fermentation of resulting denatured residues (increased biodegradability or decreased recalcitrance) of reduced microbial load. The extraction step also doubles up as a sterilisation event, with different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl methyl ketone and methanol) exhibiting varied efficiency, methanol and ethyl methyl ketone being the most effective. Different recalcitrant plant organic wastes resulting from four plants (Cocos nucifera, Allium cepa, Artocarpus hirsutus and Swietenia mahagoni) were used as feedstocks in the preliminary exploratory study using chosen pathogenic bacteria. Onion peel (Allium cepa) ethyl methyl ketone extract was chosen for further studies, as it inhibits Salmonella enterica, which is associated with infection and malodour (due to biogenic H2S) in wastewater. Further, fractionation of the extract yielded quercetin and its glycoside. The onion peel residue, after solvent extraction was fortified with peptone and essential minerals to promote the growth of Bacillus clausii. Fortified post-extraction residue supported the growth better than the pre-extraction residue. The residue resultant after solvent extraction was fermented with Bacillus clausii and with the release of bioactive supernatants. The concentrated supernatant showed significant inhibition of Salmonella enterica and Shigella dysenteriae. Additionally, all the exudates showed considerable inhibition in H2S production respectively.
Keywords: antimicrobial compounds, Biorefinery, Fermentation, Recalcitrant lignocellulosics, Allium cepa, Wastewater malodour, Salmonella enterica, Disinfection
Received: 08 Oct 2024; Accepted: 31 Dec 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Meppoyilam, Pal, Madhavan, Bose, Pooja, Suresh and Nair. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Sanjay Pal, Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kollam, India
Ajith Madhavan, Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kollam, India
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.