Ibrahim Nabi ¹ Rachid Achek ² Abdelkadir Karim ² Falk Melzer ³ Hanka Brangsch ³ Mandy Elschner ³ Heinrich Neubauer ³ Hosny El-Adawy ^4*

• ¹ Faculty of Sciences, Yahia Farès University, Urban Pole, Médéa, Algeria, Médéa, Algeria
• ² Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Khemis Miliana, Khemis-Miliana, Ain Defla, Algeria
• ³ Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Jena, Thuringia, Germany
• ⁴ Institut für bakterielle Infektionen und Zoonosen, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Jena, Germany

Brucellosis is considered a common bacterial zoonotic disease of high prevalence in countries of the Middle East and the Mediterranean region with economic and public health impact. The present study aimed to investigate the current situation of brucellosis in small ruminants reared in Médéa and Sidi Bel-Abbès provinces, north Algeria. To achieve this objective, 96 sera (77 sheep and 19 goat) and 57 milk (42 sheep and 15 goat) samples were collected from suspected infected animals and serologically analysed by using ELISA. For isolation of Brucella spp., four placentas, two fetuses and forty-four milk samples were subjected to microbiological investigation. The Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used for genomic analysis of isolated Brucella species.The results of this study showed that anti-Brucella antibodies were detected in 46 (83.6%) and 52 (54.2%) of milk and serum samples, respectively. However, among 27 cases where blood samples were negative, anti-Brucella antibodies were still detected in 19 of the corresponding milk samples, resulting in an overall discordance rate of 36.5%. Ten Brucella melitensis were isolated and identified from six sheep and four goats. Of these, eight originated from milk samples. The isolated strains were assigned to sequence type ST-11 using Multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Five isolates revealing high similarity (0-2 nucleotide differences) originated from different farms, indicating a close transmission link. However, two identical caprine isolates and three other isolates showed notable genotypic variation, in comparison. The highest base difference (449-462 nucleotides) was observed for an ovine Brucellosis in small ruminant in Algeria 2 isolate originating from Sidi Bel-Abbès. The phylogenetic analysis and clustering with the West Mediterranean lineage of B. melitensis revealed high genetic similarity of the investigated isolates with B. melitensis of human origin from North Africa and travel-associated 'European' cases, especially from Morroco, Tunisia, Sweden and Italy.The results of this study highlight brucellosis in small ruminants as a significant public health risk and will help to develop effective control strategies in Algeria. The use of WGS-based analysis has revealed effective in tracing patterns of transmission, and can be recommended for tracking outbreaks at a high resolution.