AUTHOR=Zhang Fengyu , Li Jianke , Zhang Shaocheng , Chen Ting , Zhang Hao 

TITLE=Prevalence and species identification of trematode metacercariae in Qiqihar, Northeast China

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1464988

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2024.1464988

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Fishborne trematode (FBT) is an important group of parasites that are endemic worldwide to a certain extent. However, despite the epidemiological significance, the species and phylogenetic evolution characteristics of FBT metacercariae have not been well studied. In this study, a total of 600 <italic>Pseudorasbora parva</italic> (<italic>P. parva</italic>) specimens were collected from Qiqihar, 61.8% (371/600) were found to be infected with trematode metacercariae. A total of three kinds of trematodes metacercariae were obtained, and they were identified as <italic>Clonorchis sinensis</italic> (<italic>C. sinensis</italic>), <italic>Metorchis orientalis</italic> (<italic>M. orientalis</italic>), and <italic>Metorchis taiwanensis</italic> (<italic>M. taiwanensis</italic>) by morphological and phylogenetic analysis with infection rates of 47.7% (286/600), 15.5% (93/600), and 23.7% (142/600), respectively. Meanwhile, a survey of the three trematodes metacercariae showed that the infection rate of <italic>C. sinensis</italic> metacercariae was the highest in September, up to 66% (66/100), and the lowest in June at 26% (26/100). The infection rate of <italic>M. orientalis</italic> metacercariae was the highest in October at 26% (26/100) and the lowest in June at 5% (5/100). The infection rate of <italic>M. taiwanensis</italic> metacercariae was at its peak in November at 36% (36/100) and the lowest in July at 15% (15/100). The co-infection of metacercariae of <italic>C. sinensis</italic> and <italic>M. taiwanensis</italic> was the most common and reached a peak in October, and their infection rate was higher in autumn than in summer. The peak of infection intensity of metacercariae for <italic>C. sinensis</italic>, <italic>M. orientalis,</italic> and <italic>M. taiwanensis</italic> were different: <italic>C. sinensis</italic> was 24/g in September, <italic>M. orientalis</italic> was 7/g in October, and <italic>M. taiwanensis</italic> was 10/g in November. From the above results, it was confirmed that three species of trematodes metacercaria played an important role in infection of second intermediate hosts in Qiqihar region. Studying the morphological characteristics and sequencing the ITS2 gene for a phylogenetic tree of them will be useful for future molecular evolution, biology, and ecology of trematode metacercariae.</p>