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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Microbiol.
Sec. Systems Microbiology
Volume 15 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433175
This article is part of the Research Topic Omics Research in Canine and Feline Microbiome: Implications for Veterinary Medicine and Companion Animal Health View all 5 articles
Dysbiosis Index and fecal concentrations of sterols, long-chain fatty acids and unconjugated bile acids in dogs with inflammatory proteinlosing enteropathy
Provisionally accepted- 1 Department of veterinary sciences, Grugliasco, Italy
- 2 Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
- 3 Associazione Professionale Endovet, Roma, Italy
Introduction: Canine protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a syndrome characterized by gastrointestinal loss of proteins. While fecal microbiome and metabolome perturbations have been reported in dogs with chronic enteropathy, they have not been widely studied in dogs with PLE. Therefore, the study aims were to investigate gut microbiome and targeted fecal metabolites in dogs with inflammatory PLE (iPLE) and evaluate whether treatment affects these changes at short-term follow-up. Methods: Thirty-eight dogs with PLE and histopathological evidence of gastrointestinal inflammation and 47 healthy dogs were enrolled. Fecal samples were collected before endoscopy (T0) and after one month of therapy (T1). Microbiome and metabolome alterations were investigated using qPCR assays (dysbiosis index, DI) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (long-chain fatty acids, sterols, unconjugated bile acids), respectively. Results: Median (min-max) DI of iPLE dogs was 0.4 (-5.9 to 7.7) and was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than median DI in healthy dogs (-2.0 (-6.0 to 5.3)). No significant associations were found between DI and selected clinicopathological variables. DI did not significantly differ between T0 and T1. In iPLE dogs, at T0, myristic, palmitic, linoleic, oleic, cis-vaccenic, stearic, arachidonic, gondoic, docosanoic, erucic, and nervonic acids were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than healthy dogs. In iPLE dogs, oleic acid (p = 0.044), stearic acid (p = 0.013), erucic acid (p = 0.018) and nervonic acid (p = 0.002) were significantly decreased at T1. At T0, cholesterol and lathosterol (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in iPLE dogs compared to healthy dogs, while total measured phytosterols were significantly lower (p = 0.001). No significant differences in total sterols, total phytosterols and total zoosterols content were found at T1, compared to T0. At T0, total primary bile acids and total secondary bile acids did not significantly differ between healthy control dogs and iPLE dogs. No significant differences in fecal bile acid content were found at T1. Discussion: Dysbiosis and lipid metabolism perturbations were observed in dogs with iPLE. Different therapeutic protocols lead to an improvement of some but not all metabolome perturbations at shortterm follow-up.
Keywords: canine, fecal long-chain fatty acids, Fecal sterols, Fecal bile acids, Dysbiosis
Received: 15 May 2024; Accepted: 24 Sep 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Cagnasso, Suchodolski, Borrelli, Borella, Bottero, Benvenuti, Ferriani, Tolbert, Chen, Giaretta and Gianella. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Federica Cagnasso, Department of veterinary sciences, Grugliasco, Italy
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