AUTHOR=Huang Ting-Ting , Cao Yong-Xiao , Cao Lei 

TITLE=Novel therapeutic regimens against Helicobacter pylori: an updated systematic review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1418129

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2024.1418129

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic> (<italic>H. pylori</italic>) is a strict microaerophilic bacterial species that exists in the stomach, and <italic>H. pylori</italic> infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections affecting humans. Eradicating <italic>H. pylori</italic> is the preferred method for the long-term prevention of complications such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer. However, first-line treatment with triple therapy and quadruple therapy has been unable to cope with increasing antibacterial resistance. To provide an updated review of <italic>H. pylori</italic> infections and antibacterial resistance, as well as related treatment options, we searched PubMed for articles published until March 2024. The key search terms were “<italic>H. pylori</italic>”, “<italic>H. pylori</italic> infection”, “<italic>H. pylori</italic> diseases”, “<italic>H. pylori</italic> eradication”, and “<italic>H. pylori</italic> antibacterial resistance.” Despite the use of antimicrobial agents, the annual decline in the eradication rate of <italic>H. pylori</italic> continues. Emerging eradication therapies, such as the development of the new strong acid blocker vonoprazan, probiotic adjuvant therapy, and <italic>H. pylori</italic> vaccine therapy, are exciting. However, the effectiveness of these treatments needs to be further evaluated. It is worth mentioning that the idea of altering the oxygen environment in gastric juice for <italic>H. pylori</italic> to not be able to survive is a hot topic that should be considered in new eradication plans. Various strategies for eradicating <italic>H. pylori</italic>, including antibacterials, vaccines, probiotics, and biomaterials, are continuously evolving. A novel approach involving the alteration of the oxygen concentration within the growth environment of <italic>H. pylori</italic> has emerged as a promising eradication strategy.</p>