AUTHOR=Mao Jinju , Wang Lizhi , Wang Zhisheng , Xue Bai , Peng Quanhui , Hu Rui , Xiao Jianxin 

TITLE=High concentrate diets altered the structure and function of rumen microbiome in goats

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1416883

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2024.1416883

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>This study used metatranscriptomics to investigate the effects of concentrate diet level on rumen microbiome composition and function in goats. A total of 12 healthy 120-day-old Da’er goats were randomly allotted into two treatments: L group (low dietary concentrate level group, concentrate: forage ratio was 25: 75) and H group (high dietary concentrate level group, concentrate: forage ratio was 80: 20). The study included a 10-day pre-feeding period and a 60-day growth experiment. The results showed that compared with the L group, the average daily gain and the slaughter rate in the H group were increased, while the F/G was decreased; the concentration of lactate and ammonia nitrogen, and the proportion of butyrate and valerate in the rumen of the H group were increased, while the proportion of acetate, and the ratio of acetate to propionate were decreased (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). Among rumen bacteria, compared with the L group, the H group significantly decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Fibrobacteria at the phylum level, decreased the relative abundance of <italic>Bacteroidetes</italic>, <italic>Fibrobacter</italic>, and <italic>Sarcina</italic> and increased the relative abundance of <italic>Clostridium</italic> at the genus level, and decreased the relative abundance of <italic>Fibrobacter succinogenes</italic>, <italic>Sarcina</italic> sp. DSM 11001, <italic>Oscillibacter</italic> sp. KLE 1728, and <italic>Ruminococcus flavefaciens</italic> and increased the relative abundance of Clostridium sp. ND2 and Firmicutes bacteria CAG: 103 at the species level (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). Among rumen fungi, the relative abundance of Basidiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, <italic>Mortierella</italic>, <italic>Mortierella</italic> elongata, and Gonapodyna prolifera was lower in the H group than that in the L group (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). Functional annotation results showed that the abundance of Glycoside hydrolases genes in rumen microbiome was significantly decreased in the H group compared to the L group (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). The result of KEGG DEGs enrichment analysis showed that the gene expression of cellulose 1,4-β-cellobiosidase, acetyl-CoA hydrolase, lactate dehydrogenase, succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, D-malate dehydrogenase and related genes in methane production pathways of rumen microbiome was decreased in the H group. In summary, feeding high concentrate diets improved the production performance of goats, altered the structure and composition of rumen microbiome and changed the function of rumen microbiome.</p>