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REVIEW article

Front. Microbiol.
Sec. Infectious Agents and Disease
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1415274

From Immune Dysregulation to Organ Dysfunction: Understanding the Enigma of Sepsis

Provisionally accepted
Zhi Liu Zhi Liu 1,2Yuan Ting Yuan Ting 2Miao Li Miao Li 3,4Yukun LI Yukun LI 5*Yingzheng Tan Yingzheng Tan 1,2*Yunzhu Long Yunzhu Long 1,2*
  • 1 Department of infectious disease, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Zhuzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
  • 2 Department of infectious disease, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
  • 3 Jishou University Zhuzhou Clinical College, Medical College, Jishou University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
  • 4 Medical College, Jishou University, Jishou City, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan, China, Jishou, Hunan, China
  • 5 Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Sepsis is a syndrome precipitated by immune dysregulation in response to infection, and represents a pivotal factor in global mortality attributed to diseases. The recent consensus delineates sepsis as a perilous state of organ dysfunction arising from the host's maladaptive reaction to infection. It masks the complexity and breadth of the immune mechanisms involved in sepsis, which is characterized by simultaneous hyperinflammation and immunosuppression. Sepsis is highly correlated with the dysregulation of immune response, which is mainly mediated by various immune cells and their interactions. This syndrome can lead to a plethora of complications, encompassing systemic inflammatory response, metabolic disturbances, infectious shock, MODS, and DIC. Furthermore, more research studies have been conducted on sepsis in the past few years. The pathological characteristics of sepsis have been improved or treated by targeting signaling pathways like NF-B, JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt, and p38-MAPK. Combined drug therapy is better than single drug therapy for sepsis. This article will review the latest progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of sepsis.

    Keywords: Sepsis, Neutrophils, T cells, Cytokines, molecular mechanism

    Received: 10 Apr 2024; Accepted: 05 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Liu, Ting, Li, LI, Tan and Long. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Yukun LI, Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
    Yingzheng Tan, Department of infectious disease, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Zhuzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
    Yunzhu Long, Department of infectious disease, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Zhuzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China, Hengyang, Hunan, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.